README: link to docker-compose example

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LICENSE

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+Palette - self-hosted pastebin with paste cans
+Copyright (C) 2026 poslop
+
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+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

README.md

@@ -94,3 +94,24 @@ issue #32).
 Gitea Actions workflow at `.gitea/workflows/ci.yml`:
 - On push to main: `go vet` + `go test`
 - On tags: build and push Docker image to `git.archfox.org/poslop/palette`
+
+## Docker Compose
+
+See [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) for a ready-to-use example with
+every environment variable documented, including which are required (only the
+/data volume) and which are optional.
+
+## License
+
+Palette is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0
+(AGPL-3.0-only). See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
+
+The software is provided AS IS, without warranty of any kind, express or
+implied, including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
+In no event shall the authors be liable for any claim, damages, or other
+liability, including without limitation any security vulnerabilities,
+data loss, or legal issues arising from use of the software. You use it
+at your own risk.
+
+If you run a modified version of Palette as a network service, the AGPL
+requires you to offer your modified source code to its users.

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Example docker-compose deployment for Palette.
+# All environment variables are optional; sensible defaults apply.
+# The only hard requirement is a volume on /data so the SQLite database
+# and the auto-generated admin key survive restarts.
+
+services:
+  palette:
+    image: git.archfox.org/poslop/palette:v0.2.2
+    # image: git.archfox.org/poslop/palette:latest   # tracks main, less stable
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "8080:8080"          # host:container; the app listens on :8080
+    volumes:
+      - palette-data:/data   # REQUIRED: SQLite db, admin key, attachments
+    environment:
+      # Address the server binds to inside the container.
+      # Default: ":8080". Only change if you also change the ports mapping.
+      PALETTE_ADDR: ":8080"
+
+      # Path to the SQLite database file.
+      # Default: "/data/palette.db". Keep it on the /data volume.
+      PALETTE_DB: "/data/palette.db"
+
+      # Admin API key for /admin/api/settings (rate limits, size caps, expiry).
+      # Default: random key generated on first start and persisted to
+      # /data/admin-key (mode 0600). Read it with:
+      #   docker compose exec palette cat /data/admin-key
+      # Set this only if you want a fixed key (e.g. for automation).
+      # PALETTE_ADMIN_KEY: "change-me"
+
+      # Max size in bytes of a single text paste. Oversized creates get 413.
+      # Default: 5242880 (5 MiB).
+      # PALETTE_MAX_TEXT: "5242880"
+
+      # Max size in bytes of a single can item (file/text inside a can).
+      # Default: 26214400 (25 MiB).
+      # PALETTE_MAX_ITEM: "26214400"
+
+      # HMAC secret for password-unlock cookies. Default: random per start,
+      # which logs out every unlocked browser session on restart. Set a fixed
+      # secret (any random string) to keep unlock sessions across restarts,
+      # or when running multiple replicas that must agree.
+      # PALETTE_UNLOCK_SECRET: "generate-with-openssl-rand-base64-32"
+
+volumes:
+  palette-data:

docs/API.md

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/pastes \
 
 - `expires_in` is a Go duration string (`90m`, `6h`, `336h`). Omit for no expiry.
 - `visibility` is `public` or `unlisted`.
+- Alternatively (or additionally), `public` may be sent as a boolean (#83):
+  `false` maps to `unlisted` and `true` maps to `public`. When both fields are
+  present, the boolean `public` takes precedence over the string `visibility`.
+  Omitting both defaults to `public`.
 - `burn_after_reads` sets how many reads the paste survives (default 1 when
   `burn_after_read` is true). A read is counted per unique viewer session;
   the same viewer returning within 15 minutes does not count again.

internal/api/issue81_password_ratelimit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package api
+
+// #81: ALL password verification attempts (GET query param, header, POST
+// form) must go through the per-IP unlock limiter. Regression: N wrong
+// passwords via GET ?password= must eventually yield 429.
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func createPasswordPaste(t *testing.T, s *apiServer, pw string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	h := s.routes()
+	body := `{"content":"secret","password":"` + pw + `"}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/pastes", strings.NewReader(body))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	var created struct {
+		ID string `json:"id"`
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &created)
+	return created.ID
+}
+
+// TestRateLimitGetPasswordQuery: repeated wrong passwords via GET
+// ?password= must eventually return 429 (unlock limiter: burst 5).
+func TestRateLimitGetPasswordQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+	id := createPasswordPaste(t, s, "hunter2")
+
+	var saw429 bool
+	// more attempts than the unlock burst (5)
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/pastes/"+id+"?password=wrong"+string(rune('a'+i)), nil)
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code == 429 {
+			saw429 = true
+			break
+		}
+		if rec.Code != 401 {
+			t.Fatalf("attempt %d: expected 401 before limit, got %d", i, rec.Code)
+		}
+	}
+	if !saw429 {
+		t.Fatal("expected 429 after repeated wrong ?password= attempts, never got one")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRateLimitGetPasswordHeader: same guarantee for the X-Paste-Password header path.
+func TestRateLimitGetPasswordHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+	id := createPasswordPaste(t, s, "hunter2")
+
+	var saw429 bool
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/pastes/"+id, nil)
+		req.Header.Set("X-Paste-Password", "wrong"+string(rune('a'+i)))
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code == 429 {
+			saw429 = true
+			break
+		}
+		if rec.Code != 401 {
+			t.Fatalf("attempt %d: expected 401 before limit, got %d", i, rec.Code)
+		}
+	}
+	if !saw429 {
+		t.Fatal("expected 429 after repeated wrong header password attempts, never got one")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRateLimitGetPasswordCorrectStillAllowed: a correct password must still
+// work within the burst (the limiter gates attempts, not correctness).
+func TestRateLimitGetPasswordCorrectStillAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+	id := createPasswordPaste(t, s, "hunter2")
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/pastes/"+id+"?password=hunter2", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200 for correct password within burst, got %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+}

internal/api/issue86_field_bounds_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package api
+
+// Regression tests for #86: title and language are bounded at create time.
+// Titles over 200 chars are truncated; language must match
+// ^[a-zA-Z0-9+#-]{1,40}$ or the create is rejected with a clear 400.
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// pasteMeta fetches a created paste's stored metadata via the API.
+func pasteMeta(t *testing.T, h http.Handler, id string) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/pastes/"+id, nil))
+	if rec.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("get paste %s: got %d: %s", id, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &m); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// A 5000-char title is truncated to 200 characters at create time (#86).
+func TestCreatePasteTitleTruncated(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+
+	title := strings.Repeat("t", 5000)
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"content": "hi", "title": title})
+	rec := createPasteRaw(t, h, string(body))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d want 201: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		ID string `json:"id"`
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
+	meta := pasteMeta(t, h, resp.ID)
+	got, _ := meta["title"].(string)
+	if got != strings.Repeat("t", 200) {
+		t.Fatalf("title not truncated to 200 chars: len=%d", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+// A title within the 200-char bound is stored verbatim (minus surrounding
+// whitespace, which is trimmed).
+func TestCreatePasteTitleWithinBoundKept(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+
+	title := "  " + strings.Repeat("x", 200) + "  "
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"content": "hi", "title": title})
+	rec := createPasteRaw(t, h, string(body))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d want 201: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		ID string `json:"id"`
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
+	meta := pasteMeta(t, h, resp.ID)
+	if got, _ := meta["title"].(string); got != strings.Repeat("x", 200) {
+		t.Fatalf("title changed unexpectedly: len=%d", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+// A language longer than 40 chars is rejected with a clear 400 (#86).
+func TestCreatePasteLanguageTooLong400(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"content": "hi", "language": strings.Repeat("a", 41)})
+	rec := createPasteRaw(t, h, string(body))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d want 400: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "language") {
+		t.Fatalf("unclear error message: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// Language strings outside ^[a-zA-Z0-9+#-]{1,40}$ are rejected with 400.
+func TestCreatePasteLanguageBadFormat400(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+
+	for _, bad := range []string{
+		"<img src=x onerror=alert(1)>",
+		"java script",
+		"c++ extra!",
+		"py_thon",
+		"go.lang",
+	} {
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"content": "hi", "language": bad})
+		rec := createPasteRaw(t, h, string(body))
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("language %q: got %d want 400: %s", bad, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+			continue
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "language must match") {
+			t.Errorf("language %q: unclear error: %s", bad, rec.Body.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Valid languages (letters, digits, #, +, -) within 40 chars are accepted.
+func TestCreatePasteLanguageValidAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, ok := range []string{"go", "c#", "f#", "c++", "objective-c", "ECMAScript-2023", strings.Repeat("a", 40)} {
+		s2 := testServer(t) // fresh rate limiter per case
+		h2 := s2.routes()
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"content": "hi", "language": ok})
+		rec := createPasteRaw(t, h2, string(body))
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+			t.Errorf("language %q: got %d want 201: %s", ok, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// An absent or blank language still creates fine and stores NULL, and a
+// blank title is stored NULL rather than an empty string.
+func TestCreatePasteBlankMetadataOK(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	h := s.routes()
+
+	for _, body := range []string{
+		`{"content":"hi"}`,
+		`{"content":"hi","language":"","title":"  "}`,
+	} {
+		rec := createPasteRaw(t, h, body)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+			t.Fatalf("body %s: got %d want 201: %s", body, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+		}
+		var resp struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		}
+		json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
+		meta := pasteMeta(t, h, resp.ID)
+		if lang, ok := meta["language"]; ok && lang != nil && lang != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("body %s: language not null: %v", body, lang)
+		}
+		if title, ok := meta["title"]; ok && title != nil && title != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("body %s: title not null: %v", body, title)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/api/publicbool_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package api
+
+// #83 regression tests: `public` boolean in the create payload must map to
+// visibility (false -> unlisted, true -> public); string `visibility` still works.
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func createPasteBody(t *testing.T, h *apiServer, body string) map[string]any {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/pastes", strings.NewReader(body))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.routes().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != 201 {
+		t.Fatalf("create: got %d: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bad json: %v", err)
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func getVis(t *testing.T, h *apiServer, id string) string {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/pastes/"+id, nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.routes().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("get %s: got %d", id, rec.Code)
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		Visibility string `json:"visibility"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bad json: %v", err)
+	}
+	return resp.Visibility
+}
+
+// TestPublicBooleanFalseMapsToUnlisted: {"public": false} must create an unlisted paste.
+func TestPublicBooleanFalseMapsToUnlisted(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	resp := createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"x","public":false}`)
+	if v := getVis(t, s, resp["id"].(string)); v != "unlisted" {
+		t.Fatalf("public:false -> got visibility %q, want unlisted", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPublicBooleanTrueMapsToPublic: {"public": true} must create a public paste.
+func TestPublicBooleanTrueMapsToPublic(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	resp := createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"x","public":true}`)
+	if v := getVis(t, s, resp["id"].(string)); v != "public" {
+		t.Fatalf("public:true -> got visibility %q, want public", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPublicBooleanOverridesString: boolean wins when both fields are sent.
+func TestPublicBooleanOverridesString(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	resp := createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"x","visibility":"public","public":false}`)
+	if v := getVis(t, s, resp["id"].(string)); v != "unlisted" {
+		t.Fatalf("boolean override -> got %q, want unlisted", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVisibilityStringStillWorks: existing string contract unchanged.
+func TestVisibilityStringStillWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	resp := createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"x","visibility":"unlisted"}`)
+	if v := getVis(t, s, resp["id"].(string)); v != "unlisted" {
+		t.Fatalf("string field -> got %q, want unlisted", v)
+	}
+	resp = createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"y","visibility":"public"}`)
+	if v := getVis(t, s, resp["id"].(string)); v != "public" {
+		t.Fatalf("string field -> got %q, want public", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPublicListExcludesPublicFalse: {"public":false} pastes stay out of /api/public.
+func TestPublicListExcludesPublicFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testServer(t)
+	createPasteBody(t, s, `{"content":"hidden","public":false}`)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/public", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	s.routes().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	var resp struct {
+		Total int `json:"total"`
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
+	if resp.Total != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("public:false paste leaked into /api/public: total=%d", resp.Total)
+	}
+}

internal/api/ratelimit.go

@@ -48,8 +48,28 @@ func (l *limiter) allow(key string, rate, burst float64) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// clientIP extracts the request IP (no reverse proxy header by default).
+// clientIP extracts the client IP for rate-limit keying (#85).
+//
+// Trust boundary: palette runs behind exactly ONE trusted reverse proxy
+// (Traefik in the k3s pod network). Traefik APPENDS the real client IP to
+// X-Forwarded-For, so the RIGHTMOST entry is the last value the trusted
+// proxy observed and is unspoofable by the client (a client-supplied fake
+// entry only lands on the LEFT and is ignored). This matches chi's
+// middleware.RealIP semantics for a single trusted proxy hop.
+//
+// Direct connections (no XFF header) fall back to RemoteAddr. Directly
+// reachable deployments must NOT expose the app to untrusted networks
+// without a proxy in front, or attackers could forge the rightmost entry.
 func clientIP(r *http.Request) string {
+	if xff := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); xff != "" {
+		if i := strings.LastIndex(xff, ","); i >= 0 {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(xff[i+1:])
+		}
+		return strings.TrimSpace(xff)
+	}
+	if xr := r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip"); xr != "" {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(xr)
+	}
 	host := r.RemoteAddr
 	if i := strings.LastIndex(host, ":"); i > 0 {
 		host = host[:i]

internal/api/ratelimit_xff_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package api
+
+// Issue #85: the rate limit key must use the rightmost X-Forwarded-For entry
+// (appended by the trusted Traefik proxy), never the raw/leftmost header
+// value a client can forge. A spoofed FIRST XFF entry must not bypass the
+// limit or rotate buckets.
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestClientIPTakesRightmostXFF(t *testing.T) {
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	r.RemoteAddr = "10.42.0.7:51000" // trusted Traefik pod
+	r.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "1.2.3.4, 1.2.3.5, 203.0.113.9")
+	if got := clientIP(r); got != "203.0.113.9" {
+		t.Fatalf("clientIP = %q, want rightmost 203.0.113.9", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientIPXRealIPFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	r.RemoteAddr = "10.42.0.7:51000"
+	r.Header.Set("X-Real-Ip", "203.0.113.10")
+	if got := clientIP(r); got != "203.0.113.10" {
+		t.Fatalf("clientIP = %q, want 203.0.113.10", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientIPDirectFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	r.RemoteAddr = "198.51.100.5:51000"
+	if got := clientIP(r); got != "198.51.100.5" {
+		t.Fatalf("clientIP = %q, want 198.51.100.5", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRateLimitSpoofedFirstXFFDoesNotBypass: an attacker rotating a fake
+// leftmost XFF entry stays limited on their real (rightmost) IP.
+func TestRateLimitSpoofedFirstXFFDoesNotBypass(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newTestServer(t)
+	h := srv.routes()
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/pastes", bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"content":"hi"}`)))
+		req.RemoteAddr = "10.42.0.7:51000"
+		// each request spoofs a DIFFERENT leftmost entry
+		req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", spoofN(i)+", 203.0.113.9")
+		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+		if rr.Code != 201 {
+			t.Fatalf("req %d: want 201, got %d", i, rr.Code)
+		}
+	}
+	// 6th request, still the same real IP, new spoofed prefix: must 429
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/pastes", bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"content":"hi"}`)))
+	req.RemoteAddr = "10.42.0.7:51000"
+	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "9.9.9.9, 203.0.113.9")
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	if rr.Code != 429 {
+		t.Fatalf("spoofed 6th req: want 429, got %d", rr.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func spoofN(i int) string {
+	return "1.2.3." + string(rune('0'+i))
+}
+
+// Distinct real IPs must still get distinct buckets (no over-limiting).
+func TestRateLimitDistinctRightmostIPsIndependent(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := newTestServer(t)
+	h := srv.routes()
+	for _, ip := range []string{"203.0.113.20", "203.0.113.21"} {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/pastes", bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{"content":"hi"}`)))
+		req.RemoteAddr = "10.42.0.7:51000"
+		req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "6.6.6.6, "+ip)
+		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+		if rr.Code != 201 {
+			t.Fatalf("ip %s: want 201, got %d", ip, rr.Code)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/api/server.go

@@ -165,6 +165,27 @@ func (a *apiServer) handleCreatePaste(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeErr(w, status, msg)
 		return
 	}
+	// #86: bound free-form metadata at create time
+	if p.Title != nil {
+		t, err := checkTitle(*p.Title)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeErr(w, 400, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		p.Title = &t
+	}
+	if p.Language != nil {
+		l, err := checkLanguage(*p.Language)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeErr(w, 400, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		if l == "" {
+			p.Language = nil
+		} else {
+			p.Language = &l
+		}
+	}
 	if p.BurnAfterReads != nil { // #68: reject negative read budgets
 		if err := parseBurnAfterReads(*p.BurnAfterReads); err != nil {
 			writeErr(w, 400, err.Error())
@@ -214,6 +235,13 @@ func (a *apiServer) handleGetPaste(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 	if row.PasswordHash.Valid {
+		// #81: every password verification (header, query param, or empty)
+		// goes through the same per-IP+paste unlock limiter as the POST form
+		// path, so brute-force via GET ?password= or X-Paste-Password gets 429.
+		if !rateLimitUnlock(row.ID, r) {
+			writeRateLimited(w, 60)
+			return
+		}
 		// require password via header or query
 		pw := r.Header.Get("X-Paste-Password")
 		if pw == "" {

internal/api/validate.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -90,3 +91,46 @@ func parseBurnAfterReads(n int) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// #86: bounds for free-form metadata fields on create.
+const (
+	maxTitleLen    = 200
+	maxLanguageLen = 40
+)
+
+// languageRe restricts language to identifiers like go, c#, f#, c++, objc.
+var languageRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9+#-]{1,40}$`)
+
+// checkTitle validates the paste title (#86): over-max titles are truncated
+// to 200 characters so a bloated listing entry can't be stored; whitespace
+// is trimmed first.
+func checkTitle(title string) (string, error) {
+	title = strings.TrimSpace(title)
+	if len(title) > maxTitleLen {
+		return truncateRunes(title, maxTitleLen), nil
+	}
+	return title, nil
+}
+
+// checkLanguage validates the language field (#86): optional, max 40 chars,
+// and must match ^[a-zA-Z0-9+#-]{1,40}$. Returns "" for absent/blank values.
+// Anything else malformed is a 400.
+func checkLanguage(lang string) (string, error) {
+	lang = strings.TrimSpace(lang)
+	if lang == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if len(lang) > maxLanguageLen || !languageRe.MatchString(lang) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("language must match ^[a-zA-Z0-9+#-]{1,40}$ (max %d chars)", maxLanguageLen)
+	}
+	return lang, nil
+}
+
+// truncateRunes cuts s to at most max runes, keeping the prefix intact.
+func truncateRunes(s string, max int) string {
+	runes := []rune(s)
+	if len(runes) <= max {
+		return s
+	}
+	return string(runes[:max])
+}

internal/store/store.go

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ type Paste struct {
 	BurnAfterRead bool  `json:"burn_after_read,omitempty"`
 	BurnAfterReads *int `json:"burn_after_reads,omitempty"` // #49: readable N times (default 1)
 	Visibility  string  `json:"visibility"`
+	// #83: accept "public": true/false as an alias for visibility.
+	Public *bool `json:"public,omitempty"`
 	CanID       *string `json:"can_id,omitempty"`
 	CreatedAt   int64   `json:"created_at"`
 	DeletedAt   *int64  `json:"deleted_at,omitempty"`
@@ -215,6 +217,14 @@ func (s *Store) CreatePaste(p *Paste) (*Paste, error) {
 	}
 
 	visibility := p.Visibility
+	// #83: "public": false -> unlisted, true -> public; overrides string field
+	if p.Public != nil {
+		if *p.Public {
+			visibility = "public"
+		} else {
+			visibility = "unlisted"
+		}
+	}
 	if visibility == "" {
 		visibility = "public"
 	}

internal/web/securityheaders_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package web
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -28,29 +27,20 @@ func TestSecurityHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("X-Content-Type-Options = %q, want nosniff", got)
 	}
 
-	// JSON response: no security headers.
+	// JSON/raw responses: headers are now set unconditionally BEFORE the handler
+	// runs. The previous post-handler approach was silently dropped once a page
+	// handler flushed its template output (headers must be set before WriteHeader).
+	// CSP/nosniff/referrer on non-HTML bodies is harmless and desirable.
 	jsonh := SecurityHeaders(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		w.Write([]byte(`{"ok":true}`))
 	}))
 	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	jsonh.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/x", nil))
-	if got := rec.Header().Get("Content-Security-Policy"); got != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected CSP %q on JSON response", got)
+	if got := rec.Header().Get("Content-Security-Policy"); got != wantCSP {
+		t.Errorf("CSP missing on JSON response: got %q", got)
 	}
-	if got := rec.Header().Get("Referrer-Policy"); got != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected Referrer-Policy %q on JSON response", got)
-	}
-
-	// Content type set after the first Write (as the inline can page does) is
-	// still picked up because headers are inspected post-handler.
-	lateh := SecurityHeaders(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Write([]byte("<html></html>"))
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
-	}))
-	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
-	lateh.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil))
-	if got := rec.Header().Get("Content-Security-Policy"); !strings.Contains(got, "frame-ancestors 'none'") {
-		t.Errorf("CSP = %q, want frame-ancestors 'none'", got)
+	if got := rec.Header().Get("Referrer-Policy"); got != "no-referrer" {
+		t.Errorf("Referrer-Policy missing on JSON response: got %q", got)
 	}
 }

internal/web/web.go

@@ -304,13 +304,15 @@ func (u *UI) Handlers() *Handlers { return &Handlers{UI: u} }
 // pentest. Runs after the handler so the Content-Type is already set.
 func SecurityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		// Set before the handler runs: once a handler writes (template render
+		// flushes), header mutations are silently dropped. Setting the headers
+		// unconditionally is safe: CSP/nosniff/referrer on JSON or /raw bodies
+		// is harmless and arguably desirable.
 		h := w.Header()
-		if strings.HasPrefix(h.Get("Content-Type"), "text/html") {
-			h.Set("Content-Security-Policy",
-				"default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'none'")
-			h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
-			h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
-		}
+		h.Set("Content-Security-Policy",
+			"default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'none'")
+		h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
+		h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	})
 }